Maitiro ekugadzira girazi, uye ndeapi maitiro ekugadzira uye maitiro egirazi Cn mupepeti anosuma nzira dzinotevera.
1. Batching: maererano neyakagadzirirwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, kuyera zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasvibiswa uye zvisanganise zvakaenzana mumusanganisi.Iwo makuru ezvigadzirwa zvegirazi ndeaya: jecha requartz, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, nezvimwe.
2. Kunyunguduka, zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zvakabikwa zvinopisa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuumba yunifomu bubble isina girazi remvura.Uku kuomarara kwemuviri nemakemikari kuita maitiro.Kunyunguduka kwegirazi kunoitwa muchoto.Iko kune kunyanya maviri marudzi eFurnaces: imwe ndeye crucible kiln, umo frit inoiswa mu crucible uye inopisa kunze kwe crucible.Chete crucible inogona kuiswa mudiki crucible kiln, uye kusvika ku20 crucibles inogona kuiswa muhombe crucible.Crucible kiln kugadzirwa kwegap, uye ikozvino chete girazi remaziso uye girazi remavara rinogadzirwa mumoto unopisa.Imwe yacho itangi yemoto, umo frit inonyungudutswa mudziva rechoto uye inopisa nemoto wakazaruka pamusoro pepamusoro pegirazi remvura.Iko kunyunguduka kwegirazi kwegirazi kunonyanya 1300 ~ 1600 ゜ C. Vazhinji vavo vanopisa nemurazvo, uye vashomanana vanopiswa nemagetsi emagetsi, ayo anonzi electric melting furnace.Iye zvino, matangi kilns anogadzirwa nguva dzose.Madiki matangi kilns anogona kuita akati wandei metres, uye makuru anogona kunge akakura seanopfuura 400 metres.
3. Kuumba ndiko kushandurwa kwegirazi rakanyungudutswa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakasimba zvine zvimiro zvakagadziriswa.Kuumba kunogona kuitwa chete mukati meimwe tembiricha yemhando, inova nzira yekutonhora.Girazi rinotanga kushanduka kubva kune viscous fluid kuenda kumapurasitiki mamiriro, uyezve kuita brittle solid state.Nzira dzekugadzira dzinogona kukamurwa kuita manyorero ekugadzira uye mechanical kuumba.
A. Artificial kuumba.Panewo (1) kuvhuvhuta, uchishandisa nickel chromium alloy blow pipe, kunhonga bhora regirazi nekufuridza uchitenderedza mold.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mabhodhoro egirazi, mabhodhoro, mabhora (egirazi remaziso), nezvimwewo (2) Kudhirowa: mushure mekuputira mumabhuru, mumwe mushandi anoinamatira neplate yepamusoro.Vanhu vaviri ava vanofuridza vachidhonza, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira machubhu egirazi kana tsvimbo.(3) Dzvanya, tora chimedu chegirazi, chicheke nechigero kuti chiwire mu concave mold, wozochidzvanya nechibhakera.Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira makapu, mahwendefa, nezvimwewo (4) Kugadzira mahara, kunhonga zvinhu uye kugadzira zvakananga zvigadzirwa zvemaoko nemapikisi, scissors, tweezers uye mamwe maturusi.
B. Mechanical kuumba.Nekuda kwekusimba kwekushanda kwakanyanya, tembiricha yepamusoro uye mamiriro asina kunaka ekuumbwa kwekugadzira, mazhinji acho akatsiviwa nemakanika kuumba kunze kwekuumbwa kwemahara.Pamusoro pekutsikirira, kufefetera nekudhirowa, mechanical forming zvakare ine (1) calendering method, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira gobvu rakafuratira girazi, rakavezwa girazi, waya girazi, etc. (2) Casting nzira kugadzira optical glass.
C. (3) Centrifugal casting nzira inoshandiswa kugadzira hombe dhayamita girazi machubhu, midziyo uye hombe kukwanisa reaction hari.Uku ndiko kubaya jekiseni girazi kunyunguduka mune yakakwirira-kumhanya inotenderera mold.Pamusana pesimba re centrifugal, girazi rinonamatira kumadziro ekuumbwa, uye kutenderera kunopfuurira kusvikira girazi raoma.(4) Sintering nzira inoshandiswa kugadzira furo girazi.Iko kuwedzera furo kuhupfu hwegirazi uye kuipisa muforoma yesimbi yakavharwa.Mazhinji mabhubhu akavharwa anoumbwa mukupisa kwegirazi, inova yakanaka kupisa kupisa uye inonzwika zvinhu.Uye zvakare, kuumbwa kwegirazi rakatsetseka kunosanganisira yakatwasuka yekudhirowa nzira, flat yekudhirowa nzira uye nzira yekuyangarara.Float method inzira inobvumira girazi remvura kuti riyerere pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa (TIN) kuita girazi rakati sandara.Mabhenefiti ayo makuru ndeyemhando yepamusoro yegirazi (yakadzika uye inopenya), nekukurumidza kudhirowa kumhanya uye yakakura kubuda.
4. Mushure mekuvhara, girazi rinopinda zvakanyanya kushanduka kwekushisa uye kuchinja kwechimiro panguva yekugadzira, izvo zvinosiya kushushikana kwekushisa mugirazi.Uku kushushikana kwekupisa kunoderedza simba uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwezvigadzirwa zvegirazi.Kana yakatonhodzwa zvakananga, inogona kuputika pachayo panguva yekutonhodzwa kana kuti gare gare kuchengetwa, kutakurwa uye kushandiswa (kunowanzozivikanwa sekuputika kunotonhora kwegirazi).Kuti ubvise kuputika kunotonhora, zvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvinofanirwa kuvharwa mushure mekugadzira.Anealing ndeyekuchengeta kupisa mune imwe tembiricha yemhando kana kudzikira kwenguva yakati kuti kubvisa kana kuderedza kupisa kwemhepo mugirazi kune inotenderwa kukosha.
Mukuwedzera, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvinogona kuomeswa kuitira kuwedzera simba ravo.Kusanganisira: kuomeswa kwemuviri (kudzima), kunoshandiswa kune akakora magirazi, magirazi etafura, magirazi emota emota, nezvimwe;Uye kemikari stiffening (ion exchange), rinoshandiswa wachi chivharo girazi, avhiyesheni girazi, etc. The musimboti stiffening ndiko kubudisa compressive kushushikana pamusoro pemvura layer girazi kuwedzera simba rayo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-12-2022